Term versus Concept Thesaurus versus Ontology
To help us understand what an ontology is and isn't, let's try to elaborate one of the distinctions we made in the last chapter that between a term and a con-cept.12 One way to illustrate this distinction is to differentiate between a thesaurus and an ontology specifically, a high-end ontology or logical theory, i.e., on the upper right in the Ontology Spectrum of Figure 7.6 . 12For further discussion of the distinction between terms and concepts, refer to ISO 704, 2000 . Metal working...
Impact of XML on Enterprise IT
XML is pervading all areas of the enterprise, from the IT department to the intranet, extranet, Web sites, and databases. The adoption of XML technology has moved well beyond early adopters into mainstream use and has become integrated with the majority of commercial products on the market, either as a primary or enabling technology. This section examines the current and future impact of XML in 10 specific areas Data exchange and interoperability. XML has become the universal syntax for...
Xacml
Extensible Access Control Markup Language XACML is an initiative driven by OASIS that expresses access control policy authentication and authorization information for XML documents and data sources. It is currently under development. In simple terms, it relates to SAML in the sense that SAML provides the mechanism of propagating authentication and authorization information between services and servers, and XACML is the authentication and authorization information. The idea of XACML is that XML...
Understanding Ontologies
Ontology is the very first science. Ontology involves discovering categories and fitting objects into them in ways that make sense____When we make a list of things to do, or of records and books we most want to buy, or videos we intend to rent, we are categorizing we are engaging in rudimentary ontology. By prioritizing items in a list, we are assigning relationships among various things. Ontology can be relatively simple, or it can be quite complex. Ontology becomes more complex, and even...
What Are Web Services
Web services have been endlessly hyped but sometimes badly described. A framework for creating services for the use over the World Wide Web is a fairly nondescriptive definition, but nonetheless, we hear marketing briefs telling us this every day. The generality of the definition and mischaracteriza-tion of Web to mean World Wide Web instead of Web technologies makes this simple definition do more harm than good. For this reason, we will give a more concrete definition of Web services here, and...